
S F 

99 

•Hsr Saccharine 
j^^ Fcccts 
' And 
I Feeding 




Class _5E^ 
Book ^ H'^ T 



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COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2011 with funding from 
The Library of Congress 



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Saccharine Feeds 

and 

Feeding 



Published by 

North-West Mills Company 

Winona, Minnesota 






' UfeHAKY or Ot^Nd'lLiS^y 
SWO «OPieS rtt;€fcr' J. 



Copyright 1908 

by the 

North-West Mills Co. 



CONTENTS 

Chapter Page 

Introduction 5 

I. Progress of Feeding Methods — Whole Hard Grains; 

Cooked Feeds; Government Aid 9 

II. Development of Saccharine Feeding — Utilizing 
Wastes; Important Facts Long Ignored; Foreign 
Experiments; "Molasses" Feeds; Warning to 
Feeders; Weed Seeds in Feeds and Manure; 
Value of Protein ; Ninety-six Per Cent Efficiency 
in Feed ; The Best Saccharine Feed .... 15 

III. Feeding Cows for Milk — Succulence Necessary; 

Proved Efficiency; Saving in Cost Because of 
Purity and Correct Balancing; Special Feeds 
Best 25 

IV. Feeding Horses for Strength — Sweet Tooth of the 

Horses ; " Horse Taming " ; German and American 
Elxperiments ; Analyses of all Sugarota Feeds; 
Aiding Digestion . . , 31 

V. Saccharine Cattle Feed — Corn Feeding; No Profit 
in Steers Alone; Corn-Fed; Whole, Shelled 
or Ground Corn; Learning from Canadians; 
Boom in Saccharine Feeds 39 

VI. Other Special Feeds — Sugarota Swine Feed ; Sugar- 
ota Sheep Feed; Sugarota Calf Meal; Sugarota 
Scratch Feed for Poultry 43 

VII. Relation of Feeds to Fertilizers — Warning from 
Elxperiment Stations; Weed Seeds and Mill 
Screenings; Value of Manure from Sugarota 
Fed Stock 49 

Directions for Feeding Sugarota Feeds .... 53 



You may starve on a pound or thrive on an ounce. 
And it shouldn't excite surprise, 

For it isn't the food that you eat that counts. 
But the food that you utilize. 



And what is true of you is 
true of your farm animals. 



INTRODUCTION 

Farmers, feeders and dairymen are 
going to school these days. From six to 
twenty-one, no longer forms the limits of 
"school age." The movement started in 
the State of Iowa a few years ago, to fur- 
nish short courses for farmers during the 
winter months, has become so popular 
that every winter, thousands of farmers, 
from twenty-five years of age up to the 
limit of natural life, are found at the 
State Universities of the western states, 
or at convenient branches, diligently at- 
tending and deeply interested in lectures 
and classes where practical methods of 
agriculture in all its branches and con- 
nections are taught. 

The farmer used to be considered 
"fogyish," but today he is recognized not 
only as the producer of the wealth upon 
which all other wealth is based and must 
depend, but also as a progressive thinker 
and experimenter in scientific methods of 
breeding and feeding live stock, and pro- 
ducing the food products for himself and 
the rest of mankind. 

He is a discriminating reader, open to 



any argument that will bear the test of 
science and common sense combined. He 
believes in books, and he is such a persis- 
tent reader of farm journals that those 
periodicals are becoming more and more 
important factors in the educational, liter- 
ary, and advertising interests of the coun- 
try. Every successful farm paper must 
be in effect a continuous "correspondence 
course" in all branches of husbandry, and 
books on agricultural subjects must be 
fresh and up-to-date in order to meet the 
demands of the farmer reader. 

We realize, in presenting this little vol- 
ume, that it will meet the eyes of dis- 
criminating readers; but we present it 
with the full confidence that it will be of 
more than passing interest and we trust 
of lasting profit to the farmer-feeder. 

It will not present any "newfangled," 
untried theories, but the results of tested 
methods of making feeds and feeding 
them. 

We are not only making Sugarota Feeds 
in accordance with the most advanced 
scientific methods of mixing and balanc- 
ing, but we are proving out the feeds 
upon the animals for which such is made, 
on our experimental farm. We are not 
depending on science alone nor on exper- 

6 



ience alone, but we are doing just what 
every agricultural college, and every ad- 
vanced farmer, dairyman and feeder is do- 
ing — proving science by continued and 
progressive experiment. 

The great and growing popularity of 
Saccharine (Molasses) feeds at this time 
seems to call for a common sense talk 
upon the subject, accompanied by a mild 
warning against accepting any sort of 
sweetened mixture as an effective feed, or 
crediting the extravagant claims of so- 
called ^^general purpose'' feeds. 

Sane methods of making and feeding 
Saccharine Feeds is the subject to which 
this book is devoted, and our best wish is 
that it may meet the approval of the con- 
servative but progressive farmers, dairy- 
men, and feeders, and be "worth keeping." 
North-West Mills Co. 



Balanced feeds and "balanced brains. 
Sunlight, air and proper pains. 
Bring the feeder certain gains. 



There is as much reason 
as rhyme in that. 



CHAPTER I. 

Progress in Feeding Methods 

Not so many years ago, it was deemed 
unnecessary to "prepare" feed for farm 
animals. Each farmer aimed to raise his 
own hay and grain and feed it whole, just 
as it came from the mow and the bin. 
Steers and hogs were fed for market on 
whole corn, almost exclusively. It was 
not even considered worth while to shell 
the corn, excepting in the far west where 
wood and coal were scarce and cobs were 
utilized for fuel. 

It was common to hear feeders discuss 
the question as to the relative economy 
of feeding steers corn in the ear, shelled 
corn, or "crushed" corn. This crushing 
was done in a crude grinder that simply 
crushed the cobs and possibly broke a few 
of the grains, but left the corn practically 
whole. 

Cooked Feeds 

Then came the advance to cooking 
feeds, more especially for hogs; and 
the feed cooker was a largely adver- 
tised and widely used convenience. The 
cooker was a great advance from the 



feeding of hard grains and indigestible 
cobs, that exhaust the muscular activities 
and derange the chemical processes of di- 
gestion. It was the first step in the use 
of "prepared'' feed as far as feeding for 
fat is concerned. 

The First Special Feeds 

It has been recognized for generations 
that one must feed a milch cow somewhat 
differently than hogs, horses, sheep and 
beef cattle, in order to obtain the best re- 
sults; so bran and middlings slops 
were given at milking time for the dual 
purpose of increasing the milk flow and 
inducing "bossy" to stand still and give 
down. The advance of dairying to a dis- 
tinct branch of animal husbandry encour- 
aged special feeding methods, and dairy- 
men were the first farmers to study the 
mixing and balancing of feeds and to de- 
pend upon purchasing their feeds. The 
advance of feed dealers' business owes its 
greatest impetus to the scientific methods 
of progressive dairymen. 

Later, it began to dawn upon feeders 
that if specially mixed and balanced 
feeds would produce more profitable re- 
sults in milk production, the same might 
be true in fat production. So the balanc- 

10 



ing of feeds with reference to digestibility 
and fat-producing elements began with 
advanced feeders for market. 

The great fat stock shows of the past 
twenty years have given progressive feed- 
ers opportunities to observe the results of 
the different feeds and methods of feed- 
ing, as well as to study the adaptability 
of different breeds to various conditions 
of climate and environment. 

The national dairy shows are of more 
recent origin, and provide similar oppor- 
tunities for dairymen. 

These great shows are real schools, 
^'short courses" in animal husbandry, 
based on the experience of different breed- 
ers, feeders and dairymen ; and they have 
had a powerful influence in promoting the 
scientific study of these subjects at State 
Universities and Agricultural Colleges, 
leading up finally to the establishment of 
college courses of several years for young 
farmers, and "short courses" for the older 
and actively engaged farmer. 

Government Encouragement 

In passing, it is impossible to ignore 
the help given to animal husbandry as 
well as general farming by our National 
Agricultural department. To look back 

11 



over our history, it seems strange, that 
while agriculture was ever considered by 
economists to be of first importance to 
the welfare of the nation, no special de- 
partment was established by the govern- 
ment for its promotion, for almost a cen- 
tury. 

The first Cabinet of a President con- 
sisted of Secretaries of State, War, Navy, 
Treasury, and Attorney General. That 
would indicate that it was considered the 
chief business of the nation to carry on 
war and regulate relations with foreign 
nations, to raise money to pay expenses, 
and to enforce the laws. Later, a slight 
realization of the importance of interior 
development dawned upon the govern- 
ment, and the postal service was elevated 
to the dignity of a department. Still 
later, the Department of Interior was 
added, including in its many bureaus an 
agricultural bureau. Finally, in 1885, 
ninety-six years after Washington's first 
inauguration, this agricultural bureau 
was advanced to a department, its chief 
being considered worthy to sit in council 
with the nation's ruler. 

All From the West 

The first Secretary of Agriculture, Nor- 
man J. Coleman, of Missouri, we believe 

12 



is still living. The second, "Jerry'' Rusk, 
was from Wisconsin. The third, J. Sterl- 
ing Morton, was from Nebraska. The 
present incumbent, James Wilson, is from 
Iowa. 

Thus, the great agricultural region 
of the farther west and northwest, that 
has never been represented in the presi- 
dency, has been compensated by monop- 
olizing a department which, wisely and 
efficiently administered, is of more im- 
portance to the nation and the world 
than is the presidency. 

And this leads us to the connection be- 
tween this bit of political history and the 
subject of animal industry. The Agri- 
cultural Department, from a seed-distrib- 
uting bureau, has risen to a position that 
commands the respect of agriculturists 
and furnishes facts and methods that 
have increased enormously the produc- 
tion of food and bread-stuffs and the ef- 
ficiency of feeds and feeding methods. 

But it must not be forgotten that it 
was the pressure brought to bear by the 
farmers, feeders, and dairymen them- 
selves that elevated the department and 
made possible its accomplishments. 

The advanced methods of producing 
feeds have brought into existence great 

13 



mills, producing daily, in the aggregate. 
thousands of tons of manufactured feeds, 
the best of which are much more econom- 
ical than the whole grain and hay feeds; 
and the farmer finds it profitable to sell 
a large proportion of his grain, and pur- 
chase the prepared and balanced feed for 
his particular purpose of dairying, or 
stock feeding, as the case may be. 

In the course of the chapters that fol- 
low, we want to call attention to another 
important step in feeding methods which 
simply scientifically "balanced feeds'' do 
not accomplish. 



14 



CHAPTER II. 

Development of Saccharine 
Feeding 

The old prophet foretold that the waste 
places of the earth should rejoice with 
fruit, but he did not mention that the 
waste products from industry would also 
be brought to serve the needs of men. 

The beautiful dyes of every hue now 
used in manufacture of all sorts of fab- 
rics are derived from what was once a 
black and worthless refuse — coal tar. An- 
other former waste product is now used 
to purify the water supply of our great 
cities. Still other products that were 
once rejected have become most import- 
ant elements of food for man and feed 
for farm animals. 

Farmers past middle life can remem- 
ber when wheat bran was not considered 
a staple product, but rather the waste 
part of the grain. And that was when 
more of the strictly nutritive elements 
were left in the bran than at present. 
But now, when bran is almost literally 
only the "overcoat'' of the wheat, it is so 
much in demand as to make it a factor 

15 



in the market price of wheat and an im- 
portant part of the dairyman's feed 
supply. 

The latest by-product to assume im- 
portance as a feed element is molasses — 
the old despised and rejected ^^black 
strap" or "nigger heel'' of the southern 
cane plantations. Molasses feeds under 
various names are produced in immense 
quantities now, and yet the supply scarce- 
ly keeps pace with the demand, so popu- 
lar have such feeds become. 

Facts Overlooked 

In view of the recognized value of sac- 
charine elements in animal nutrition to- 
day, it is astonishing that they were not 
utilized before; especially since such 
plain indications of their value were long 
ago apparent. We used to study about 
food values in our books on physiology 
and hygiene, and there it was recorded 
that sugar contained a remarkable 
amount of fat and flesh-producing nutri- 
ment. It was noted that "niggers and 
mules got powerful fat and sleek at sugar 
making time in the South." And, al- 
though it was allowed that the eating of 
molasses caused this improvement in flesh 
and condition, no one for many years 

16 



seemed to move on to the conclusion that 
what was good for man and beast at 
sugar-making time would be good at all 
times and for all men and domestic ani- 
mals. 

We Had to Be Shown 

Like many other good things, we were 
too busy with the main product and let 
the by-products go to waste until our at- 
tention was called to their value by peo- 
ple of other countries, where more rigid 
economy is required and everything avail- 
able is utilized. 

For some years, the beet sugar factories 
of Germany have been distributing the 
residue to dairies, in tank wagons, and 
the dairymen purchase it in small or 
large quantities, as they demand, and mix 
it with their feed, or what is more com- 
mon with them, put it in the drinking 
water of the cows. 

The frugal and far-seeing Scotchman 
has long known the value of molasses as 
stock feed, and it is reported that for 
many years the dairymen and stock own- 
ers of Scotland and the north of England 
have laid in a supply of molasses as a 
part of their stock feed. Here also it is 
common to mix it with the drinking 
water. 

17 



Cane molasses is a much more valuable 
feed product than the residue from beet 
sugar factories. In Louisiana the plant- 
ers who formerly threw away the "black 
strap'' now reserve enough to feed their 
mules and other animals from one sugar 
season to another. Large quantities of it 
are now purchased by the manufacturers 
of saccharine feeds, and the time will 
soon be here when this former waste will 
all be utilized and transformed into milk, 
by the dairyman, meat, by the feeder, or 
energy, by the horse and mule owner. 

Saccharine Feeds the Latest 

The history of the manufactured and 
balanced saccharine feed is a short one. 
The man who left the farm ten years ago 
and plunged into other lines, forgetting 
his former occupation, smiles with in- 
credulity when he picks up a farm or feed 
journal and sees "Molasses Feeds" adver- 
tised and discussed. 

The term "Molasses Feeds'' is a little 
misleading, as applied to the best present- 
day manufactured article. It gives the 
impression that the article is in a more 
or less liquid or sticky state, which is not 
true. For this reason, we use the ex- 
pression, "Saccharine Feeds," as better 

18 



describing the product. Saccharine means 
simply containing sugar or of the nature 
of sugar, and is, therefore, more descrip- 
tive. Our own Saccharine Feed we call 
"Sugarota," which is both descriptive and 
easy to remember. 

We are not going to have much to say 
about the value of saccharine feeds as a 
general proposition; for the up-to-date 
farmer, dairyman and feeder already un- 
derstand these facts. The overwhelming 
demand for such feeds prove this. 

Warning to Feeders 

But the very fact that this demand is 
so great has produced conditions in the 
manufacture of saccharine feeds of which 
feeders should be informed and of which 
they should make a note. 

Demand will induce supply of some 
kind, and where the demand increases 
rapidly, the supply is very liable to be in- 
ferior to what it would be were the de- 
mand limited and steady, and manufac- 
turers forced to sell strictly on superior 
merit. 

This rapidly growing demand for sac- 
charine feeds has induced scores of feed 
manufacturers to place such feeds on the 
market, under various names, and with 



almost as various ingredients. Analyses 
of many of these feeds reveal the fact that 
they contain a large amount of indiges- 
tible matter that is not even legitimate or 
healthy roughage; in fact, much of it is 
absolutely injurious to the stock. Oat 
hulls, rice hulls, weed seeds, scourings 
and screenings from mills, and other mat- 
ter of neutral or harmful character have 
been found in large proportions by the 
experimental departments of animal in- 
dustry in the various states. 

Weed Seeds in Manure 

The presence of weed seeds in such 
feeds constitutes not only a worthless ele- 
ment as far as nutrition is concerned, but 
is sometimes the cause of irritation of the 
intestines and resulting disorders of di- 
gestion. Further, the manure from stock 
fed on such feeds is a cause of trouble to 
the farmer on whose land it is spread, 
being a fertile source of weed propaga- 
tion and distribution. 

Value of Protein 

Many have reasoned, that because pro- 
tein is found to be a very important ele- 
ment of all feeds, that the larger the pro- 
portion of protein the more efficient the 

20 



feed. But this theory is being discarded 
by advanced feeders and doubted gener- 
ally. 

Dried blood contains nearly 96 per cent 
of protein, but who could induce a farm 
animal to eat it, and who doubts that 
their stomachs would reject it even if 
they were compelled to swallow it? 

The plain truth is that any element in 
a feed, no matter how important in a cor- 
rect proportion, is worthless, or worse, 
when it exceeds that proportion. All feed 
is wasted that is not digested and assimil- 
ated. 

Langworthy's report, Farmers' Bulle- 
tin No. 170, says that about 20 per cent 
of the nutrient value of feeds is wasted 
when fed in the ordinary haphazard way. 

Eemember this is only the waste in the 
nutrient elements which are not digested. 
Add to this the percentage of weed seeds 
and screenings found in the ordinary mo- 
lasses feeds and there is an actual waste 
of 30 to 40 per cent of the money paid for 
feeds which are overbalanced in certain 
elements and mixed with mill offal. 

We have met all these shortcomings 
and have eliminated them, by actually 
testing out our own feeds on the stock for 
which it is prepared. We have an experi- 

21 



mental farm within easy access of our 
mill, and there, after meeting the approx- 
imate chemical requirements, we test 
dairy feed on milch cows, cattle feed on 
fattening animals, horse feed on horses, 
and so on throughout our entire list of 
feeds. 

Ninety-six Per Cent Efficiency 

The result is that we have produced, in 
SUGAROTA feeds, a product of which 
96 per cent of the nutrients are digested 
and assimilated instead of 80 per cent, as 
in the average feeds. 

That alone represents a saving of 16 
per cent or one-sixth of the price of your 
feed in actual money. 

The elimination of all worthless offal 
and weed seeds accomplishes a further 
saving of from 10 to 20 per cent over com- 
mon molasses feeds. The total saving 
in buying a pure, perfectly balanced 
Sugarota feed is not less than 30 per 
cent. 

True, it costs more to make Sugarota 
feeds, because they are pure; and we do 
not place them in competition with com- 
mon molasses feeds. They are in a class 
by themselves, and are guaranteed to pro- 
duce better results, dollar for dollar, than 

22 



any other feeds on the market, by the 
feeder's test. 

Breakfast Food and Stock Feed 

The present state of saccharine feed 
production is very similar to the condi- 
tion of breakfast food manufacture about 
ten years ago. The popularity of pre- 
pared and so-called predigested grain 
foods became so great that at least half 
a hundred concerns launched out in the 
business, many without experience or 
knowledge of the scientific or commercial 
basis upon which success in that line de- 
pends. The natural result was that from 
seventy-five to ninety per cent of these 
concerns retired from business when 
breakfast food fads were succeeded by a 
demand for breakfast food facts. The 
best of the cereal breakfast foods, those 
which stood the test of purity and nutri- 
tive quality, are still made and sold to an 
ever increasing demand. 

Saccharine feeds for stock are passing 
through the same testing and sifting pro- 
cess today. Feeders are demanding to be 
"shown," that they may secure not only 
a good saccharine feed as a general propo- 
sition, but the best saccharine feed from 
every point of view. It is this required 
test that we are offering to the feeders. 

23 



Outside the strictly grain foods, 
the most important are those 
derived from cattle — milk, but- 
ter, cheese, beef. 




CHAPTER III. 

Feeding Cows for Milk 

We have said that the dairy feeders 
were the first to demand specially pre- 
pared feeds; but they, in the earlier days 
of the industry, simply used the slops 
and mixtures of wheat bran and mid- 
dlings for their winter ration, and added 
to this, for succulence or green feed, tur- 
nips, pumpkins and other such vegetables 
as could be kept a reasonable length of 
time. In spring and summer the depen- 
dence was entirely upon grasses to fur- 
nish succulence to increase the flow of 
milk. 

These earlier methods of special feed- 
ing were not as productive of results as 
the most approved methods of today, but 

25 



there are certain points to recognize in 
them that should not be overlooked by the 
modern dairyman. These we will point 
out in their proper connection. As dairy- 
ing became more of a separate and sys- 
tematic business, and fell under the regu- 
lations of law, science entered more and 
more into the feed question, and the "bal- 
anced'' feed was evolved. Of course, a 
correctly balanced dairy feed is, theoretic- 
ally at least, compounded with reference 
to producing the greatest quantity of 
milk, of the best quality possible, with- 
out impairing the constitution of the cow. 
Chemistry is depended upon to show 
the proper elements for producing the de- 
sired result, and it is quite the fashion to 
prove the value of a certain feed on paper, 
by showing the proportions of proteiUj 
fats, and carbohydrates composing the 
nutrient elements of the feed. A feed 
especially rich in protein is generally con- 
sidered as very valuable for all purposes, 
but there are conditions outside the mere 
elements of the feed that must be con- 
sidered. 

Proved Efficiency 

Each Sugarota feed is tried out by 
actual feeding tests on our experimental 
farm, where science and experience have 

26 



combined to prove every theory and hold 
only to that which is best. 

The analyses given on page 35 are as 
near to perfection as these actual tests 
have yet brought us ; but we are continu- 
ally learning, and should future tests in- 
dicate desirable changes in the percent- 
ages we should not hesitate to make 
them. 

We have no pet theory to establish, 
What we are after is facts that will help 
us to make still better feeds if possible; 
and the fact that we have already pro- 
duced feeds 96 per cent of whose nutrient 
elements are digested, shows how far we 
have outstripped the 80 per cent digesti- 
bility of the average feed. 

Succulence, juiciness, relish, are re- 
quired in order that the cow may appro- 
priate the elements furnished in the feed. 
This is the chief value of the turnip and 
pumpkin ration, as well as the ensilage, 
now stored on every dairy farm. 

This is also one of the first claims of 
saccharine feeds. The cows relish it. It 
supplies the sweetness and succulence 
furnished by the clover and other grasses 
in spring and summer. 

The sugar itself is now recognized as a 
most important nutrient element, besides 
adding to the digestibility of the other 
elements with which it is fed. 

27 



Balanced and Pure 

Sugarota Dairy Feed is not only bal- 
anced according to the scientific demands 
of nutrition and milk production but is 
free from all "filler" of a neutral or harm- 
ful nature. The makers of Sugarota are 
not in the general milling business, and 
have no waste product in the shape of 
screenings, scourings, weed seeds and 
grain hulls to dispose of in the form of 
sugar-coated feeds. Every ingredient is 
purchased with direct reference to its 
value as an element of a dairy feed and 
the ingredients are mixed in correct pro- 
portion and with unvarying uniformity. 

No feed is all nutriment. There is al- 
ways the element of moisture; besides a 
certain amount of indigestible fibre is re- 
quired as a carrier for the nutrient ele- 
ments. This moisture and carrier, or 
roughage, in a dairy feed should consti- 
tute from twenty to thirty per cent 
of the feed, by weight. In Sugarota Dairy 
Feed it is 27.5 per cent, the nutrient ele- 
ments being: Protein, 18 per cent; fat, 
4.5 per cent; carbohydrates, including the 
sugar, 50 per cent. 

But the distinguishing value of Sugar- 
ota Dairy Feed is the fact that 96 per 
cent of the nutrient elements are diges- 

28 



tible. No other feed can claim so high 
an efficiency. The secret lies in the char- 
acter and high quality of the ingredients 
from which the nutrient elements are de- 
rived and the perfect balancing to meet 
the requirements and the appetite of the 
dairy cow. 

The reason for some molasses feeds 
falling short of requirements is that they 
are mixed for a so-called general-purpose 
feed. 

Special Feeds Best 

Experience has taught us what it has 
taught the practical farmer and feeder, 
that a fattening feed is not the best milk 
producer, and that a dairy feed is not the 
best fattening feed; and that neither is 
correctly balanced to meet the require- 
ments of the work animal. 

The consequence is, that a considerable 
per cent of the nutrient elements of the 
general-purpose feed is wasted when used 
for any special purpose. 

A general-purpose cow may be a fair 
milker and a pretty good beef animal at 
the same time; but the dairyman wants 
a dairy cow, and the beef producer a beef 
cow, to get the best results. 

In like manner, a general-purpose feed 
may do fairly well as a milk producer and 

29 



be an indifferent fattener; but the dairy- 
man demands a dairy feed and the feeder 
a fattening feed. The horseman wants 
still another feed balanced with reference 
to producing bone, muscle and energy. 

Sugarota Feeds are made to meet com- 
mon-sense demands in these brands : 
Sugarota Dairy Feed, Sugarota Cattle 
Feed, Sugarota Horse Feed, Sugarota 
Swine Feed, Sugarota Sheep Feed, 
Sugarota Calf Meal and Sugarota 
Scratch Feed for fowls. 



30 




hHORSE FEED 

F-AT — 3.Syo 

j^North-WestMillsCo-I 
^ winona, minn. ^ ^ 



CHAPTER IV. 

Feeding Horses for Strength 

We have already reminded the reader 
of the fact (which he knew before) that 
a dairy feed, however good, is not the 
best horse feed. We make Sugarota 
Horse Feed specially for work horses and 
mules. We want to say frankly, right 
here, that no saccharine or molasses feed 
is suitable for driving horses or race 
horses, for the same reason that it is 
particularly adapted to farm and draft 
horses and mules. Saccharine feed is 
mildly purgative and regulative, just as 
the succulent grasses and green feeds of 
the pasture are in the summer; and any 
teamster or farmer knows that nothing 
keeps a work animal in better condition 



31 



and mettle than a certain amount of 
green feed. 

Drivers and racing men know just as 
well that a horse that is driven at consid- 
erable speed regularly, cannot stand the 
green, purgative feeds. But as a mash, 
mixed with hot water, and fed once or 
twice a week, Sugarota Horse Feed will 
correct any digestive dififlculties and keep 
the roadster and racer in fine mettle and 
sleek coat. 

The saccharine element in Sugarota 
Horse Feed is the health-giving muscle- 
building substitute for the natural suc- 
culence of the fields, so essential to the 
regulation of the systems of farm and 
draft animals. 

From the above common-sense consid- 
erations, we do not recommend Sugarota 
Horse Feed for driving and race animals, 
excepting as an occasional mash, and 
from the same considerations we recom- 
mend and guarantee its superiority over 
all other feeds as a regular ration for 
the work horse and mule, on farm and in 
city — any place where draft animals are 
used. 

The "Sweet Tooth" of the Horse 
It has been known for ages that the 
horse and nearly all other animals, in- 

32 



eluding humankind, have the proverbial 
"sweet tooth," but it is only since the 
amazing growth of sugar making during 
the last half century that even men could 
fully satisfy the craving. 

Every boy who has "fed the elephant'^ 
in the shows, knows how he loves the 
sugar lump. Horses and cows, otherwise 
skittish and dangerous, can be persuaded 
to eat from any hand that carries sugar. 

Years ago there was a celebrated 
"horse-tamer" in America, by the name 
of Rary. He seemed to possess the most 
remarkable influence over the wildest and 
most unruly of horses. That he used tact 
and kindness and all the arts known to 
the horseman, goes without saying; but 
at the end of his active career he con- 
fessed that his success depended in great 
measure upon the lump of sugar he car- 
ried in the palm of his hand at all times 
when dealing with the fiery beasts. 

As has been noted in another chapter, 
the sugar planters of the South long ago 
discovered that their horses and mules 
and all animals having access to the mo- 
lasses, became fat and sleek in sugar- 
making season. Taking the hint, they 
reserved enough "black strap" to keep 
their animals in condition and mettle for 
the intervening season. 

33 



Experiments 

Some years ago the German army offi- 
cials decided to make a test of saccharine 
feeds with cavalry horses. They put two 
battalions under forced marches for four 
days. The same roughage was used in 
both battalions, but the horses of the one 
were fed the grain ration then in regular 
use, while the others were fed a cake 
made of molasses and sawdust. 

The result amazed them ; for the horses 
fed on the saccharine ration came through 
fresher and in better condition than the 
ones fed on the regular grain ration. 

Similar tests have since been made in 
the American army, with similar results. 
The American tests, however, were made 
by pouring molasses over hay, instead of 
sawdust. The results have been entirely 
satisfactory in comparison with the grain 
diet. The army in the Philippines also 
found molasses of great service as an ap- 
petizer that would induce horses and 
mules to eat the coarse roughage of the 
islands, which they otherwise refused to 
touch. 

The Balanced Horse Feed 

What is a properly balanced feed? 
That is a question that has not been an- 
swered with exactness. We are approach- 

34 



ing nearer perfection by experimentation 
and there is a general agreement that the 
three elements : protein, fat and carbohy- 
drates, are of greatest importance; that 
protein should form from 10 per cent to 
20 per cent of the feed by weight, fat 3 
per cent to 6 per cent, and carbohydrates 
50 per cent to 60 per cent. The balance 
of 20 per cent to 30 per cent is made up 
of moisture, ash and indigestible but 
necessary fiber or roughage. 

The above figures are general and 
stated in round numbers, because differ- 
ent manufacturers vary proportions 
slightly, and feeds for different purposes 
necessarily differ in proportion. 

Here are the proportions of the differ- 
ent Sugarota Feeds : 

Guaranteed Analyses 

Sugarota Dairy Feed 

Per cent. 

Protein 18 

Fat 4.5 

Carbohydrates 50 

Sugarota Horse Feed 

Per cent. 

Protein 12 

Fat .3.5 

Carbohydrates 56 

35 



Sugarota Cattle Feed 

Per cent. 

Protein 19 

Fat 5 

Carbohydrates 50 

Sugarota Sheep Feed 

Protein 17 

Fat 45 

Carbohydrates 50 

Sugarota Calf Meal 

Per cent. 

Protein 25 

Fat 6 

Carbohydrates 55 

Sugarota Swine Feed 

Per cent. 

Protein 18 

Fat 4.5 

Carbohydrates . 55 

Sugarota Chicken Feed 

Per cent. 

Protein 12 

Fat 3.5 

Carbohydrates 50 

The difference in chemical composition 
between these feeds is not very great, as 
expressed in figures; but experience has 
shown that these varying proportions are 
of the greatest importance to the different 
purposes. For instance, the marked ex- 
cess of protein in the dairy feed, as com- 



pared with the horse feed, is essential to 
milk production, and even the one per 
cent extra fat is as important in the feed 
as it is in the milk from the cow. 

It will be noticed that sugar is not 
given in the analyses. It is included in 
the carbohydrates, which also includes 
the carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, starches 
and gums. 

Aiding the Digestive Organs 

It is well known that the digestive pro- 
cesses turn starches and gums into sugar, 
and herein lies one of the great virtues of 
the saccharine element : it is already par- 
tially prepared to be taken into the ani- 
mal's system, because Nature in the cane 
stalk, and the manufacturer at the sugar 
mill, have already accomplished part of 
the work; the starch has been changed to 
sugar and the digestive organs relieved 
of the work. 

Why not substitute saccharine ele- 
ments for all starches and gums, and thus 
relieve the digestive organs of still more 
work? you may ask. Eeally, common- 
sense answers that question. Overwork 
is injurious, but not more so than under- 
work. The digestive organs must work 
to keep the animal in good condition. The 

37 



starch bearing grains furnish the feed 
that must be chewed, causing the saliva 
to flow and mix with the feed, and excit- 
ing the secretion of certain digestive 
juices of the stomach. Other elements ex- 
cite still other activities absolutely es- 
sential to healthy growth and production. 

But the saccharine element is quickly 
assimilated and converted into force, re- 
lieving the digestion of overwork and pro- 
viding energy for the more complete and 
ready digestion of the other nutrient ele- 
ments. 

The value of the saccharine element of 
feed is no longer questioned by scientific 
investigators or progressive, practical 
feeders. But a serious question does 
arise concerning the waste and worthless 
elements used in some molasses feeds, and 
this question will be fully and fairly dis- 
cussed in the chapter on "The Relation 
of Feeds and Fertilizers.'' 



3S 




CHAPTER V. 

Saccharine Cattle Feed 

The idea once occupied the minds of 
practical men and scientists that fat in 
feeds produces fat in the animal, and 
therefore it was concluded that the feed 
containing the most fat or oil was best 
adapted for fattening cattle, hogs and 
sheep. 

The oiliest of all grains is corn, and as 
it is also the most abundant grain, the 
old theory worked in nicely with the con- 
venience of corn feeding, and the custom 
became so common that to this day fat- 
tened cattle are distinguished as corn-fed. 

Indeed, the adherents to a strictly corn 
fattening feed are still very numerous. 
But those who have attended the great 

39 



fat stock shows are wavering in their 
blind allegiance to King Corn. 

No Profit in Steers 

A few years ago it was common to feed 
corn whole to feeding steers, either on the 
cob or in the whole shelled grain. Many 
still follow the practice. But by this sys- 
tem, the steer is a sort of mill and chemi- 
cal laboratory combined, for preparing 
hog feed. For no feeder expects to put 
enough gain on a steer with whole corn to 
pay for the feed. Even when corn was 
much cheaper than at present, the feeder 
counted himself fortunate if his steers 
came out even, as he counted on the gain 
of the hogs following the steers in the lot 
as clear profit. 

It was generally estimated that two 
average hogs would fatten from the drop- 
pings of one steer. When hog cholera 
struck such a feed lot, as it often did, the 
profits of the feeder were swept away and 
a loss sustained on the whole transac- 
tion. 

Considering this crude method today, 
in the light of advanced methods, we can 
account for many things which then 
seemed strange. 

The corn, a large part of which passed 

40 



through the steer undigested, was soft- 
ened and soured and after a certain 
period of feeding, the bowels were de- 
ranged and a "set-back" followed. Often 
the cattle would actually lose in weight, 
although consuming full rations. 

Crushing and grinding the corn was 
tried, but, while the cattle digested and 
assimilated more of the grain, much was 
still undigested, and in the case of the 
ground corn, what passed through the 
steer was not obtainable by the hog, and 
a loss accrued in that way which about 
offset the gain. 

Linseed and cottonseed meal began to 
be used, and the start made towards a 
balanced feed. Today, all successful feed- 
ers depend upon some form of a balanced 
ration, but not all have recognized the 
value of the purely saccharine element, 
the most valuable of all, when rightly 
mixed with the right elements. 

Here again, we were taught a trick by 
outsiders. At our fat stock shows and 
state fairs, a number of years ago, it was 
noticed that our Canadian neighbors car- 
ried off an undue proportion of the blue 
ribbons. They did it on condition of the fat 
cattle. There was a finish and fullness in 
every part and a gloss of coat that our 

41 



own cattle lacked. Investigation revealed 
that molasses was the secret. The Cana- 
dian feeders had learned the trick of pass- 
ing their show cattle through the ^^set- 
back" period without the "set back/' and 
putting on the finish and the "varnish" 
with saccharine feed. 

The discovery of this fact, in connec- 
tion with other sources of light on the 
subject, gave a boom to saccharine feeds 
that is still on and still growing. Some 
abuses of the good things have crept in, 
but an honest saccharine feed is increas- 
ing in demand rapidly. 

We make a feed specially balanced for 
fattening cattle, just enough different 
from our dairy feed and our horse feed to 
turn the increase into fat instead of milk 
or muscle. 

Sugarota Cattle Feed is guaranteed 
to be the best made, and the reason 
is that it is not a dairy feed, not a horse 
feed, not a general-purpose feed, but a 
fattening feed, balanced for that purpose. 
Besides, it is all feed; no filler, waste or 
irritating foreign ingredients. 



42 



CHAPTER VI. 

Other Sugarota Special Feeds 



Sugarota S^vine Feed 




This feed is adapted by test to the spe- 
cial demand of the growing and fattening 
pig. It differs from the cattle feed in the 
proportion of the component elements in 
just the degree that experiment proves 
necessary for the quickest growth and 
the best meat. 

The old idea that hogs will thrive on 
anything has been long since discarded. 
Hogs require clean, pure food. Their ail- 
ments, mostly grouped under the name 
of hog cholera, are largely intestinal, and 

i 43 



a pure feed properly balanced will pre- 
vent these troubles and promote quick 
growth and maturity. 

Sugarota fed hogs are remarkably free 
from intestinal diseases because of the 
purity of the feed, its perfect adaption to 
their needs, and the succulent sweetness 
that keeps the system in tone. 



44 



Sugarota Sheep Feed 




I »»ROXEIM 

I'CARBOH YORAXES - aOS 

|N0RTH^ESrMlLLSO>-: 
■* WINONA, MINN. ^'^ 



Sheep are particular and discriminat- 
ing in reference to feed, and nothing is so 
essential to their health and growth as 
the mild purgatives found in the grasses 
of the range. The dry feeds ordinarily 
used during the winter do not furnish 
these elements. 

The clean saccharine element of 
Sugarota Sheep Feed provides the sweet- 
ness which the grass juices supply in the 
grazing months. It furnishes the ewes 
with the much desired quantity and qual- 
ity of milk for nourishing early lambs. 

It keeps both ewes and lambs in flour- 
ishing condition. 

45 



Sugarota Calf Meal 




fCALFMEAL 

jl 'protein ^^^3596 

fteARBOH V DRA.- 

^North-WestMillsCo. 
^ winona, minn. 



Calves when weaned are ordinarily 
checked in growth because their feed 
lacks the elements of the cow's milk which 
are required to keep them in growing con- 
dition. 

In our calf meal these elements are 
furnished in proper proportions, and pro- 
vide the relish and digestibility which 
give regulation to the bowels and insure 
growing conditions. It completely takes 
the place of the much more expensive 
milk, giving you the advantage of your 
dairy profits, and the healthy develop- 
ment of the calf at the same time. 



46 



Sugarota Chicken Feed 




PROTEIN — la % 
\i CA R BOHY D^M-E S -S09 

PNortm-WestMillsCo. 

h^ WINONA. MINN. ^ 



Good green food with the grain ration 
is what all poultry keepers demand for 
egg production and healthy growth of 
fowls. 

The elements of the green foods se- 
cured on the summer range are contained 
in Sugarota Chicken Feed. 

It contains no grit or oyster shell, for 
which you must pay feed prices. 

It is pure feed, perfectly balanced and 
tested to meet the requirements of fowls. 

For winter layers it is not equalled. 
For healthy hens are laying hens, and 



47 



Sugarota Chicken Feed keeps hens 
healthy, active and laying. 

Young chicks take quickly to it, and be- 
ing much more easily digested than hard 
grains, it promotes quick growth and 
early market birds. 



48 



CHAPTER VII. 

Relation of Feeds to 
Fertilizers 

No subject is of greater importance to 
American farmers, and therefore to all 
Americans, than fertilizing. And no fer- 
tilizer compares in importance, in quan- 
tity, or quality with barnyard manure. 

It is also universally recognized that 
the manure from the feed lots of molasses 
fed stock is the most valuable of all barn- 
yard fertilizers. And yet, on the back 
cover of a bulletin on molasses feeds is- 
sued by the Agricultural Experiment Sta- 
tion of an eastern state, is printed in bold 
type the following (the emphasis is 
ours) : 

^^Some molasses feeds have been found 
to contain large quantities of unground 
weed seeds. 

"These seeds pass through the animal 
undigested^ and are distributed over the 
fields with the manure. 

"The farmer not only pays |26 to |28 
for material (the weed seeds) having no 
feeding value, but he likewise is obliged 
to spend his money and energy in destroy- 
ing the pests the following season. 

49 



"Question: Does it pay to buy weed 
seeds?'' 

That is a fair question with but one 
answer : it does not pay. 

A close reading of this bulletin shows 
that a number of popular feeds were used 
in experiments, but which contained the 
weed seeds is not stated and it does not 
concern us nor the reader. 

But this does concern both of us very 
directly : 

SUGAROTA FEEDS ARE GUARAN- 
TEED TO BE FREE FROM WEED 
SEEDS, OAT HULLS, RICE HULLS, 
SCOURINGS OR MILL SCREEN- 
INGS. 

Now, if, in spite of the worthless and 
injurious elements contained in ^^some 
molasses feeds" their use is still in great 
demand, and they are indispensable, what 
should be the attitude of the farmer, 
dairyman, feeder and feed dealer towards 
a saccharine feed that is guaranteed to be 
absolutely free from all these worthless 
and injurious elements? 

We believe it should be and is an atti- 
tude of interest and co-operation. And 
we are extending that interest and co-op- 
eration to an actual test of the truth of 
the guarantee, by a free trial ton of 

50 



Sugarota Feed to every reader of this 
book who has stock to feed. 

There are two reasons why Sugarota 
Feeds are pure. 

First, and above all, the men whose 
money and reputation are behind the 
North- West Mills Company are devoted 
disciples of the square deal, and will not 
stand for anything that is not all it is 
represented to be. 

Second, the North- West Mills Com- 
pany is not in the general milling busi- 
ness, and has no screenings, hulls and 
weed seeds to dispose of. 

Neither the motive nor the material is 
present with them to make an inferior 
feed. 

They buy their material — all of it — on 
the open market and select the best to be 
had for the different feeds they produce. 

The result is that Sugarota Feeds are 
not only the most digestible and nutri- 
tious of all saccharine feeds, but the fertil- 
izer produced from the feeding of them is 
clean and of high quality, being worth 
|5.20 per ton, on the basis of the rated ef- 
ficiency of fertilizers. 

Now, finally, we want you, reader, to 
make the test of the truth of every claim 
we have made for Sugarota Feeds, at our 

51 



expense, by filling out the order for a 
trial ton of any feed you want, on the 
blank accompanying this book. If you 
have mislaid the blank, you will find a 
duplicate on the last page of this book, 
which may be filled out and detached, or 
copied on a letter, as you prefer. Send in 
the order while you have it in mind. 



52 



Directions for Feeding Sugarota 
Feeds 

The first week, mix one-third Sugarota 
Feed, by weight, with two-thirds of the 
regular grain feed. Make the customary 
allowance for hay, straw or other rough- 
age. 

The second week, follow the same rule, 
using one-half Sugarota and one-half the 
regular grain ration. 

The third week, use Sugarota entirely 
in place of the grain ration, remembering 
always that the allowance is based on 
weight, not on measurement. Sugarota 
is highly concentrated, and to produce 
the best results must be fed as directed. 

If you are already using a molasses 
feed, simply substitute Sugarota for the 
other feed. 

Eemember at all times that the feeding 
of Sugarota does not affect the allowance 
of hay or other roughage. Let that re- 
main as before. 

In making the test on the trial ton, 
follow above directions explicitly, simply 
using a Sugarota ration, whether one- 
third, one-half, or entire, the whole weight 

53 



of which is equal to the grain ration fed 
the animals with which you wish to com- 
pare results. 

Of course, you will be influenced by the 
individual characteristics and capacity of 
animals, the same as you would in using 
any feed. 



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